Which of the following is a common deterrent for criminal and gang activity?

Lighted walkways serve as an effective deterrent for criminal and gang activity as they enhance visibility in public and communal areas, which can discourage potential offenders. Well-lighted spaces reduce hiding spots and create an environment where individuals are more likely to be seen and subsequently deterred from engaging in illegal activities.

In contrast, while fenced properties, security guards, and high walls can also contribute to the prevention of crime, they may not be as universally effective as lighted walkways in promoting a sense of safety in shared spaces. Fences and high walls can sometimes create an impression of isolation, and security guards, while proactive, can only monitor specific areas or times. Therefore, the presence of light in pathways plays a crucial role in crime deterrence by increasing the likelihood of surveillance by passersby and reducing opportunities for incognito actions.